In the summer, watchful summer residents begin to think about what autumn fertilizers for the garden should be applied to the soil. The yield of the next season directly depends on the proper top dressing of the soil in the fall. If you know what kind of fertilizer your garden needs, the garden, and, most importantly, when you apply it, the garden land will be optimally prepared. And vegetables, fruits, berries in the season will please you with their quality, abundance. Many factors need to be taken into account: soil acidity level, lack or, on the contrary, excess of certain elements. Autumn top dressing is very important. This is one of the prerequisites for a full-fledged care of the garden, without which it is impossible to get a good harvest of any crop.
The effect of autumn fertilizers on soil and plants
The addition of additives in the spring helps to stimulate the growth of plants, activate their internal functions. Autumn top dressing saturates the soil itself, helps to restore its fertile resources, wasted during the spring-summer period. If this is not done, then the land will inevitably become scarce. The crop or condition of green crops eloquently speaks about it.
Autumn top dressing, photo:
Fertilizer in the fall for digging is usually applied from the second half of September to 15-17 of October. During digging, fertilizing is mixed with soil, during the winter all stages of cleavage pass. If you have any crops left to winter, then they should definitely be fed with phosphoric or potash additives. They favorably affect the state of the root system, activate its growth, positively affect the future vegetation of shoots, strengthen the immunity of perennial plants before the upcoming cold. Autumn introduction of organics is also very important, because during its decomposition, the soil will absorb beneficial elements that increase fertility.
Fertilizing land in the fall is done in two ways:
- The traditional "scattering" of useful components throughout the site after the harvest. Additives sprinkle evenly, and then dig the soil.
- With autumn replanting of trees or bushes, the diameter of the hole is slightly larger than the size of the root system requires. The necessary top dressings mixed with the ground (layer 15-20 cm) are laid at the bottom. After this, the roots of the plant are placed inside the pit, filled with soil. Sometimes the soil, to fill the roots, is mixed with rotted manure.
Fertilizers in the autumn for digging
Organic
Substances of natural origin are simply irreplaceable. Often, thrifty gardeners-gardeners always have them, because the fame of their beneficial properties has never been exaggerated. What fertilizers are applied to the soil in the fall, if we consider the organic matter?
Manure + compost as fertilizer, photo:
The most basic of them:
- Manure of farm animals or droppings of poultry perfectly increases soil fertility. This traditional fertilizer cannot be added fresh under plants, but in autumn it is an ideal fertilizer. Fresh waste products when it enters the ground begin to decompose, produce heat, so the root system of trees or shrubs can simply “burn out”. With the advent of autumn, it is recommended to spread manure (or litter) evenly over the site, immediately dig it up. At the same time, make sure that during the application process the organics are not too deep (10-15 cm will be enough). If you dig it much deeper, then all the useful components will "go" deep into the soil, and the plants will get only a little.You should be aware that a similar method of top dressing the soil is used once in several years (4-5 years), for 1 square meter, 1 bucket of organic matter is enough.
- Compost or humus is a storehouse of useful elements for root crops, solanaceous crops, onions, and all types of cabbage. Compost reaches its “mature” state in about a couple of years. Unripe compost is not to the liking of a wide range of garden plants, however, the introduction of raw compost in the fall is quite appropriate, even encouraged. It is evenly laid out over the site (the land should be free of weeds or any plant debris), then dug up. Compost should be buried approximately no deeper than 10-15 cm, at the rate of 3-4 kg / 1 square meter. You can also successfully use humus as mulch - cover wintering crops with a layer of 5-7 cm.
The rotted compost in the autumn for digging is used in a similar way, moreover, most gardeners are inclined to this method. Fruit trees also respond well to compost mulching. With the advent of autumn, organic matter is laid out in a rather thick layer, covering the entire area of the near-trunk circle. As soon as the first spring rays of the sun are warmed, the soil with humus should be carefully loosened, slightly deepening it.
- Ash is a natural source of trace elements that favorably affect the growth of all green crops. The richest ash comes from burning potato tops or branches of fruit trees. Even ash from weeds has been used with success. Like manure, it is brought about 1 time in 4 years during digging. Potatoes, beets, strawberries, raspberries, cabbage crops, shrubs - everyone likes fly ash. For 1 square meter of land, 1 kg of ash is usually used.
- Siderata is an excellent, environmentally friendly tool that will saturate the soil with nitrogen. By the end of summer, experienced summer residents sow clover, mustard, rye, lupins, legumes on the liberated land - they are considered the best siderata. When autumn comes, the soil plows with them, that is how siderata deepens. For trees, bushes, they are also useful. The near-trunk circle is seeded by these cultures, and then digged in the same way. Mustard is generally one of the most useful siderates, but it will be discussed a little later.
- Sawdust in itself does not carry significant value, it is not a fertilizer. But their application makes the soil more loose, subsequently helps to better retain moisture. When sawdust decays, they become compost, as well as a food source for earthworms, soil fungi. Sawdust is very good for autumn embedding in soil, but they should be applied about 1 time in 3 years.
It is also worth mentioning such an organic fertilizer as peat. It is not applied in its pure form, but it is very effective as an additive to other top dressings. Usually it is added to the humus. Peat peat has a high pH, retains moisture well, but it has a rather meager nutrient composition. Lowland peat, on the contrary, contains many useful components, has a slightly acid reaction.
Side oats, photo:
Nitrogen, potash, phosphorus fertilizers for autumn soil application
Fertilizing the earth in autumn with superphosphate enables the substance to completely dissolve by the new summer season. The main element disintegrates in about six months, so the land will be properly prepared for the sowing, planting of vegetable and fruit crops. If you take ordinary superphosphate (mono), then 50 g of substance / 1 m will be quite enough2double superphosphate - approximately 30 g / 1 m², granular substance - 40 g / 1 m². Along with superphosphates, potassium is strongly recommended - it will contribute to better absorption of phosphorus by the soil.
Such fertilizer in the autumn for digging, as phosphate rock is also an excellent supplement for the enrichment of sod-podzolic soils, poor soils, leached chernozems. In the best way, it manifests itself together with manure - they complement each other, the soil quickly assimilates phosphorus. This is a safe top dressing, as it has a natural origin. Note that some types of plants do not like calcium, and phosphorite flour contains it.
Phosphorite flour, photo:
Answering the question: what fertilizers are applied to the soil in the fall, it is also worth mentioning urea (urea). This is nitrogen top dressing, and nitrogen is contained in the amide form - that is, it has the ability to linger in the soil, and not to be washed out of it during spring snowmelt. It is useless to add normal nitrogen in the fall, as it is eroded, removed from the soil.
Experienced gardeners recommend mixing urea with a phosphorus supplement. The recipe is: mix 100 g of limestone, 1 kg of ordinary superphosphate, take one part of the mixture, add two of the same urea to it. The resulting mixture should be scattered over the site (approximately 150 g / 1 m²), dig.
For fruit trees, urea is best mixed with manure (or bird droppings). Manure is rich in nitrogen by itself, so it is recommended that the percentage of urea be reduced to 35-40 g / 1 m². To understand how this looks, take a medium-sized apple tree, add 4 buckets of manure, 50 g of urea, 30 g of simple superphosphate to the area of its trunk circle.
Potassium sulfate is one of the most important potassium supplements, which manifests itself in interaction with nitrogenous, phosphate top dressing. This is an excellent fertilizer for raspberries in autumn, as well as strawberries, currants, gooseberries (30 g / 1 m²). If potassium sulfate is introduced into the soil, then berry bushes can comfortably survive even severe frosts.
Calcium chloride is well preserved in the soil, but it is calcium, since chlorine will disappear during the winter months and will be washed with melt water. Therefore, it can be used as an autumn top dressing even where it is supposed to plant plants that do not tolerate chlorine. Usually use about 20 g of substance / 1 m² plot.
Fertilizing the earth in the fall with ammonium sulphate helps it release nitrogen, which is necessary for green crops. This top dressing is especially suitable for heavy soils.
Combined fertilizers for autumn top dressing
You can go the simpler way - consider ready-made, combined supplements. They are sold in relevant stores, gardening, gardening departments of supermarkets. Humic top dressing, in which the main active ingredient is humic acid, positively affects the fertility of the soil.
Excellent fertilizers for strawberries in the fall - “Berry”, “Tulip”, which are scattered on the site before digging. For raspberries, currants, gooseberries, other berries, they are also relevant. Such a product as “Biohumus”, by its characteristics, is very similar to black earth humus. But it is obtained with the help of red California worms: they process manure, all kinds of natural waste.
The “Biud” product is created from the purified droppings of poultry, as well as horse or cow dung. It contains a complex of amino acids, beneficial bacteria, natural growth stimulants. In a short time, Biud is able to enrich poor soil. Concentrated drug "Record" (base sludge) - a complex fertilizer consisting of organic, mineral elements, for berry crops "Record-3" is recommended. Complex top dressing not only increases soil fertility, but also positively affects the quality of vegetables, berries, fruits.
The bioorganic supercompost “Peaks Lux” or “Peaks Premium” is applied to the soil once in 4-5 years, they are very concentrated, effective (20 kg of additives are equivalent to 1 ton of manure in terms of utility)."Agrovitakva" contains all the necessary components, such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium. They are fed the soil in the fall, once every 3 years.
Multicomponent autumn additive "Agricole", photo:
What fertilizers to apply under fruit trees in the fall?
For young trees, top dressing is carried out by spreading around the trunk circle, followed by digging this zone. The depth of fertilizer application should be approximately 11-18 cm. For older trees, they dig a hole near the trunk, its depth should be somewhere between 40-50 cm. Such a recharge helps trees survive the winter more comfortably, to please us with a generous harvest.
What fertilizers are applied in the fall under the apple tree? The answer can be predicted - mineral and / or organic origin. Nitrogen supplements are not recommended because they can reduce the immunity of the tree before the upcoming cold. Organics are popular with gardeners, gardeners, this is an effective method, but fresh manure, mullein, poultry litter can not be used to feed fruit trees. The waste products of birds or animals can only be used with rotated, dry or diluted water! Manure is diluted with soil (1 bucket / 1 m²), mullein or droppings are diluted with water 1/10 or 1/20. You can also use peat, compost, ash - all additives are scattered over the area of the trunk circle.
If we consider mineral fertilizing in the fall for fruit trees, then the most effective of them will be potassium supplements (since nitrogen is introduced only in the spring). During the winter, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or potassium salt will have time to process, give the soil all the useful components. Potash is especially useful for young trees. Phosphate fertilizers are also important - they have a firming effect on the roots, promote the active development of all parts of the tree, work on the formation of fruits (quantity, size of the fruit, its taste), and prevent the early discharge of foliage.
Autumn fertilizer of berry crops
As for the common berry crops that every summer resident probably grows, they are introduced between the rows by digging.
Fertilizer for raspberries in the fall
If raspberries begin to turn yellow, lower leaves wrap, it can be fed with phosphorus, potassium or magnesium supplements. They will prepare the culture for wintering, increase its immunity. Pay attention to “Kalimag” (Kalimagnesia), applying it under the root gives excellent results. You can also use siderates (lupins, oats, mustard), which are sown between rows by mid-summer, and in the autumn they are dug with soil. Fertilizer deepening: rows - about 8-10 cm, row spacing - 15 cm. Once in several years, raspberries can be fed with manure (3-4 kg / 1 m² of land).
Fertilizers for strawberries in the fall
The best fertilizer for strawberries in the fall is a mullein diluted with water or poultry droppings (1:10). When watering, try not to get on the ground part of the plant. Also, rotted cow dung will be an excellent mulching coating for strawberries. Wood ash is also relevant (150 g / 1 m²), it is scattered near the bushes, between the rows. You can dilute it with water, water the bushes (half a liter of solution for each). Ash is quite capable of replacing additives such as potassium salt or superphosphate. The main mineral fertilizers for strawberries in the fall are potassium, phosphorus. They are pre-diluted with water or scattered dry.
Ash, photo:
Gooseberries and currants are also fed with superphosphate, but it is better to make a mixture consisting of potassium sulfate (30 g), 4 kg of manure (but not pork!), Superphosphate (30 g). If you have sandy loamy soil, then this top dressing can be applied every year with the onset of autumn.
Planting mustard in the fall as fertilizer
Mustard is an excellent green manure, inexpensive in price, convenient, because it grows immediately at the site of the proposed deepening, that is, it does not need to be delivered.It saturates the earth with phosphorus, nitrogen, fights late blight, slugs, putrefactive fungi, scab. Mustard gives the earth useful elements, saturates the plants with the vital forces necessary for growth and development. It grows quickly, suppresses other weeds, has a positive effect on the soil structure, stops the leaching of the earth (delays nitrogen). It can be planted next to any crops, it has a beneficial effect on potatoes, grapes, fruit trees, legumes.
Also, mustard can be safely used as a mulching coating that prevents freezing, contributes to the preservation of soil moisture.
Mustard Siderat, photo:
Sowing mustard to improve soil composition in the fall is best done in order, observing a distance of about 10 cm between the seeds (and not to deepen much). It is better to arrange the rows 20 cm apart - so the mustard will grow more spreading, it will have more green mass. The culture emerges quickly - after 4-5 days you can already observe the sprouts. This method, of course, is good, but most gardeners do not bother planting mustard in a separate area, cutting off the ground part, transferring it to fertilized crops. It is much more convenient to sow it immediately where vegetables, fruits, berries grow or will grow.
Thus, you can simply scatter the seeds where necessary, slightly deepen them with a rake (5 g / 1 m²).
Cut mustard before it begins to bloom, so that the stems do not have time to properly coarse (coarse fibers are processed more slowly). After 5-6 weeks after sowing, you need to cut it, if you wish, you can pre-fill with Baikal EM-1 biofertilizer, it will accelerate the subsequent process of splitting the organic green mass in the soil.
Mustard is not afraid of frost, does not require special care, in other words - you can sow it and forget about it for a couple of weeks.
Autumn is the most comfortable time for fertilizing the soil. Harvested, the earth is already preparing for rest, the microorganisms present can actively process the applied top dressing. Autumn feeds improve the soil for the next season, save time, the strength of gardeners with the onset of spring. Importantly, do not forget about the correct ratio, dosage of nutrients.
Now you know what fertilizers are applied in the fall: some additives must be selected taking into account the composition of the soil, but universal organic fertilizing will be appropriate always and everywhere.