Gardeners always have a lot of questions about how to grow raspberries, how to grow them to make them tasty, sweet. Raspberry is a very useful plant that can be seen in almost every garden site. This is one of the most delicious berries of our gardens. But which of us did not notice on the bushes, either worms, or some clumsy, hardened raspberry berries? Why did twigs with fruits that had not time to ripen suddenly wither? We selected the most frequently asked questions and tried to answer briefly.
How to choose the best place for raspberries?
Those gardeners who do the corner of the garden or plant it along the hedge are doing the right thing. So it is more convenient to look after her. But nevertheless, the corner of the garden is preferable, since it is there that a large amount of snow accumulates during the winter.
Which soil is better for raspberries?
Fertile, moist soils are best suited for cultivation. The best for it are sandy clay, alluvial meadow, which are more saturated with nutrients than others. Heavy clay soils and soils saturated with limestone are unacceptable to her.
How to prepare the ground for raspberries?
5-8 kg of manure, 70-80 g of superphosphate, 20-25 g of potassium sulfate are added to the area intended for planting, this is based on 1 square meter. m. Fertilize the fertilizer evenly over the entire area of the site, dig it deep.
Do I need to plant several raspberry varieties nearby for better pollination?
Most varieties of raspberries are self-fertile, so there is no particular need to plant pollinating varieties nearby. Of course, you can plant several varieties nearby, but this will not hurt pollination.
When to plant raspberries?
The best time of the year for planting or transplanting seedlings is autumn - late August - September. In the spring you can plant only as an exception.
How to plant raspberry seedlings?
Pits for planting raspberries usually have dimensions of 30 × 30 × 30 cm. Seedlings are placed so that after filling with soil they are below the surface of the earth (6-7 cm). The roots should be carefully straightened and covered. The soil around the seedling is compacted. For better conditions, when watering the soil from the trunk is raked - make a small depression so that the water does not flow. After watering, the soil around the seedlings is mulched with peat, hay, straw, fallen leaves, and other mulch.
Do I need to prune raspberries after planting?
Necessary. If you do not prune, then, firstly, it will yield a small crop, secondly, new young shoots that will give a new crop will not form, and thirdly, pruned plants take root better. Therefore, immediately after planting, the stems are trimmed with secateurs, leaving the stumps no more than 20-25 cm tall.
At what distance from each other to plant raspberry seedlings?
Between the rows should leave a distance of 1-1.2 m, and between seedlings - 50-60 cm.
How to propagate raspberries?
The main methods of reproduction are propagation by seeds, vegetatively. Amateur gardeners practically do not use seed propagation. Usually plants grown in this way rarely take valuable qualities from the original parental varieties. The vegetative method involves using young shoots from the roots (root offspring) or dividing the bush for propagation. This is the cheapest, fastest way.
How, when and why care for raspberries?
If you do not take care of the plantings of raspberries, then it will be overgrown with weeds, which greatly deplete the bushes. Little shoots are formed, they are weak. Berries become small, their taste deteriorates, and the yield decreases.
Autumn digging aisles is required. First, remove the extra young shoots, and then dig the soil between the rows.
In the spring, before buds open (late March-April), the soil between the bushes must be loosened.Between the rows deeper - 10-15 cm, and next to the plants - shallow - 5-7 cm, so as not to damage the root system.
From the beginning of the appearance of the leaves and until the berries are picked, they loosen two more times.
After harvesting, they are loosened again, and then they do not touch the aisles until the fall - annual shoots should mature well.
How, when to water and how much water does raspberries need when watering?
Raspberries love watering. Most moisture is required when it blooms, when they are tied, berries ripen - from May to August. The first time (of course, if there is no rain) is watered before flowering (end of April), the second time - the end of May. Be sure to water 1-2 times when the berries are poured. The last time watered after harvest.
Irrigation rate - 1-2 buckets of water for one plant. It is most convenient to water through the furrows that are made on both sides of the row - a distance of 20-25 cm from the bushes.
How to prune raspberries?
Immediately after planting, the raspberry stalks are cut, leaving stumps 20-25 cm high. In the second year, 2-3 young shoots are left - the rest are cut with secateurs to the ground, without leaving stumps.
As soon as the entire crop is harvested, all two-year-old shoots that have already been carried away are cut.
In the spring, pruning is also recommended, since after the winter it is usually visible which shoots are weak, which were diseased. Young shoots are cut if there are a lot of them or they grow too often. No more than 10-12 young shoots are left per bush.
How to rejuvenate raspberry bushes?
In old bushes, the number of young shoots usually decreases. Sooner or later, the yield of such bushes decreases. Experienced gardeners know that you can restore productivity by removing the old rhizome. In this case, there is an increase in the growth of young shoots. In parallel with the removal of the old rhizome under raspberries, increased doses of organic and mineral fertilizers are introduced. Such rejuvenation should be carried out every 5-6 years.
How and with what is raspberry fertilized?
It is best for raspberries to alternate the application of organic and mineral fertilizers. The dosage is as follows - 1.5-3 kg of manure + 1 tablespoon (30 g) of superphosphate + 1 tbsp. spoon of potassium sulfate (30 g) per 1 square. Organics (manure) is introduced in the fall during the deep digging of row-spacings. Superphosphate is introduced in the spring before budding during the first loosening. Potassium sulfate - at the end of flowering. Fertilizers are evenly distributed on the surface of the soil, dig or loosen it.
How long, how many years can raspberries grow in one place?
With good care, you can grow it for 12-15 years without changing the place of planting.
What are the fungal diseases of raspberries, how to deal with them?
Blue-violet spotting (didimela)
Signs: blue-violet spots appear on the stems at the place of attachment to the cuttings - the leaves fall off, and the cuttings remain and wilt. The culprit of the disease - the spores of the fungus winter on young shoots of raspberries.
Control measures: remove, burn diseased shoots; spray with copper-containing preparations (chorus, Bordeaux liquid, HOM, others).
Shrinking of shoots (coniotirium)
This fungal disease manifests itself in the drying of shoots sometimes together with berries.
Control measures: cut, burn affected shoots; spraying with copper preparations.
Anthracnose
Spores of the fungus affect shoots, berries, leaves, spots with a purple border appear on them.
Control measures: removal, burning of affected shoots along with leaves, berries; Spraying in late autumn, summer (2-3 times in 2 weeks) with copper-containing preparations that interfere with reproduction and development of the fungus.
Rust Raspberry Leaf
With this disease, light yellow spots appear on the top of the leaves, a little later in the same places, but orange-yellow pimples are visible on the bottom of the leaf, which eventually acquire a dark rusty color - these are spores of the fungus. The fungus that causes the disease hibernates on fallen leaves.
Control measures: spraying of fallen leaves with copper-containing preparations.In the spring, mandatory first spraying after leaf blooming, repeated - after two weeks.
Raspberry leaf spotting
Signs of the disease: white-dirty spots appear on the leaves. Mushroom spores winter on fallen leaves.
Control measures: as soon as the first manifestations of the disease are noticed, spray with copper-containing drugs; fallen leaves are recommended to burn.
What are raspberry viral diseases, how to deal with them?
Of the viral diseases, the most famous are: yellow mosaic, witch's broom, yellow leaf venation, viral (infectious) chlorosis.
Witch's broom (growth, bushiness)
In case of a witch’s disease on the raspberry shoots, numerous thin, shortened shoots are formed - they become like a broomstick. Berries are tied much less.
Yellow mosaic
With a yellow mosaic disease, pale green spots appear on raspberry leaves first, which then turn yellow.
Yellow venation of leaves
With yellow venation of leaves, yellow stripes appear along the veins.
Infectious (viral chlorosis)
With infectious (viral) chlorosis, the leaves turn yellow by mid-summer, first along the veins, and then the entire leaf turns yellow, as in autumn.
All these diseases are viral in nature.
Control measures: removal of diseased bushes with the root; treatment with drugs that destroy pests - aphids, cicadas, others that are carriers of pathogenic viruses, for example, Actellik, Iskra, Karbofos, Kemifos, and others.
How to prevent worms from appearing in raspberry berries?
The culprit of the appearance of worminess of berries is a raspberry beetle. It hibernates in the adult state in the earth, appears in the spring, eats buds, flowers. Raspberry beetle females lay eggs inside the buds, flower buds, green raspberries. Beetle larvae (worms) live in berries, feed on them, and pupate into the soil. This cycle is repeated once a year.
Control measures: dig the soil in the fall, i.e. disrupt the wintering place of the raspberry beetle. And in the spring, spray the bushes before the leaves appear with one of the following preparations: Fufanon, Kemifos, Karbofos.
How to deal with raspberry agrilus?
Raspberry agrilus is a beetle of a light gray-greenish color. Beetle females lay eggs under the skin of raspberry stalks. Emerging larvae make spiral-like passages inside the stems - the shoots die off.
Control measures - cutting, destroying (burning) affected shoots - this is the only way.
How to deal with stem raspberry gall midge?
Raspberry stem gall midge is a small mosquito that usually appears in May-June. Female mosquitoes lay eggs under the skin of raspberry stalks. Larvae (worms) live inside the stem, feed on its flesh. At the site of introduction of the larvae, cones, growths appear on the stem, growths, inside of which there is usually one larva, rarely 2-3. The stem at the site of the outgrowth easily breaks. Sooner or later, the nutrition at the top of the stem ceases to flow, the leaves wither, the shoots die off ahead of time, the crop dies.
Control measures: circumcision of affected branches, their burning; treating raspberries with repellent mosquitoes - infusions of tobacco, mullein, walnut leaves, bird cherry, nettle, wormwood, etc. Spray in the evening, as the mosquitoes begin their actions with the onset of darkness, all night.
How to deal with raspberry kidney moth?
Butterfly raspberry bud moth begins its activity during the flowering of raspberries - lays eggs inside the flower. The caterpillar feeds on the juices of the flower, and then takes cover under the bark of the stem. In the spring, caterpillars invade the kidneys, eat away everything inside, pupate in the same place.
Control measures: spray during swelling of the kidneys with a 30% solution of malathion.
How to deal with leafworms, aphids and ticks - raspberry pests?
Leaflet
Leafworms there are so many varieties.Common to their behavior is great mobility, when they are discovered, they begin to wriggle strongly and try to “escape”, descending on cobwebs. Leafworm caterpillars feed on leaves by the kidneys. The leaves are wrapped along the length or width of the sheet, which is why they are called leaflets.
Control measures: effective late autumn and summer spraying with an actress. In early spring, before budding, or in late autumn, spraying with drug No. 30 is effective.
Aphid
Aphids suck juices from raspberry leaves, from shoots, berries. In this case, the affected leaves curl, shoots cease to grow. Aphid is dangerous in that it is a carrier of viral diseases.
Control measures. Bi-58 is effective against aphids.
Ticks
A variety of mites cause great harm to raspberries - the leaves turn pale, fall off, the berries remain small, tasteless. In late autumn, early spring, before blooming, I advise you to treat the bushes with drug No. 30, before the fruits - Bi-58.
How to deal with bacterial raspberry cancer?
It should be noted that almost all types of raspberries are unstable to bacterial cancer. It is impossible to save diseased plants, they should be destroyed. Relatively effective measures are taken to prevent seedlings before planting. Carefully select seedlings before buying, inspecting the roots - there should be no growths, thickenings should not be. There are no preparations against bacterial raspberry cancer yet. Do not plant it in the place of plants removed due to illness for 2-3 years. The soil can be improved by planting legumes in this place for several years.